ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17

[Rich Murray]

ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85

www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/

The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.
The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.
Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.

Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of
3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their
Zoomable image:

www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html

Notable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue
sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so
pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs,
probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive,
short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight,
expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and
bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with
a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.

As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based
on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.


www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.html

Hubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building Blocks

In this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identified
as the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe.
They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billion
years after the Big Bang.
Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newly
discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our Milky
Way Galaxy.

The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressed
in redshift value).
Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.
Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched into
tadpole-like shapes.
This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboring
galaxies to form larger structures.

The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's Spitzer
Space Telescope.
Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.
The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows that
these are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.

Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)

Id: heic0714a
Object: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Type: Cosmology
Instrument: ACS
Width: 2750
Height: 3312
Downloads
Images

www.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tif
Fullsize Original 17.085 MB

www.alternatiff.com/
view with free software AlternaTIFF

alternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browser


Large JPEG
3,422 KB

Screensize JPEG
387 KB

www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.html
Zoomable

Copyright-free material (more info).


www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.html

hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31

hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/

www.spitzer.caltech.edu/

www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html

www.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txt

HEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007
www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.html

News release:
Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find “Lego-block” galaxies in early
Universe

06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA
Spitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of the
smallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distant
Universe. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the
newly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than
our Milky Way Galaxy.

The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxies
in the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today by
coalescing. Nine Lego-like “building block” galaxies initially detected
by Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as we
know it. “These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directly
observed in the early Universe” says Nor Pirzkal of the European Space
Agency/STScI.

Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies’ estimated masses were
so small. Hubble’s cousin observatory, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope
was called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. The
Spitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of the
smallest building blocks of the Universe.

These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe’s
formative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubble
detected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.
The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in the
process of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavier
elements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute the
surrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores.

“While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, it
is the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images that
was conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without an
earlier generation of stars,” says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona State
University in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.

The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona State
University, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Technical
Physics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly
disrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear
stretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may be
interacting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,
cohesive structures.

The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with
Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera and
the European Southern Observatory’s Infrared Spectrometer and Array
Camera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a great
distance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerful
telescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACS
were supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism which
spreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short
“trails”. The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emission
from glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate of
the rate of star formation. These “grism spectra” -- taken with Hubble
and analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-European
Coordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objects
that are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopically
with any other current telescope.

# # #

Notes for editors
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between ESA and NASA.

Pirzkal’s main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRism
ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.

Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)

If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please
send an email to [hidden email] with your name.

For more information, please contact:
Nor Pirzkal ;
European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: [phone]

Lars Lindberg Christensen ;
Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany
Tel: [phone]
Cellular: [phone]

Ray Villard ;
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA
Tel: [phone]

Whitney Clavin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA
Tel: [phone]


AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu,
2007.05.01 28p

www.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdf


arXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007
Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-a galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a
young and low mass population
N. Pirzkal 1,2,
S. Malhotra 3,
J. E. Rhoads 3,
C. Xu 4

ABSTRACT

High redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-a emission
tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.

We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-a
emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).

Rest-frame UV to optical 700A < wavelength < 7500A luminosities, or upper
limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.

We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties
of all 9 objects.

We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most
likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being
about 10E6 to 10E8 M sun.

Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects, even in
cases where objects were not detected, were crucial in constraining the masses
of these objects.

The space density of these objects, about 1.25 x 10E-4 per cubic Mpc is
comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high
redshifts.

These Lyman-a galaxies show modest star formation rates of about 8 M sun per
year, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to
assemble their stellar mass in less than a few 10E6 years.

These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc,
and are also rather concentrated.

They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed
to date.

Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies:
formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology

1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space
Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
200083
____________________________________________________________


See similar images:


notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO
28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,
JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htm
Sunday, August 17, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86


bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible light
HUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in the
Naoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31
rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm
Thursday, July 31, 2008
groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24
groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84
____________________________________________________________


Rich Murray, MA Room For All [hidden email]
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505

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____________________________________________________________


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