I hope the above link works for people who aren't Academia members.
Multiple times I have mentioned the book "Causation, Prediction, and Search" by my colleagues Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines. I understand that the prospect of reading a long book can be daunting. Glen, in particular, has expressed his preference for articles. I just skimmed the above paper and realized that it gives an excellent and complete overview of the book. One of the themes is "sometimes correlation is causation."
Frank
--- Frank C. Wimberly 140 Calle Ojo Feliz, Santa Fe, NM 87505