The yin and yang of numbers across cultures

Posted by Robert Holmes on
URL: http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/The-yin-and-yang-of-numbers-across-cultures-tp523046p523047.html

Some mistake, surely? An English rainbow has seven colours, not six. Hence
the mnemonic taught to all school children  "Richard of York gave battle in
vain". (V for violet rather than purple).

R

On 11/30/06, J T Johnson <tom at jtjohnson.us> wrote:

>
> My apologies, and I seem to be pushing the evelope of original intent for
> the FRIAM list, but I find this sort of "anthropology of numbers" topic an
> interesting problem that converges on interesting questions in how we
> design, say, databases or UIs that are applicable anywhere, anytime.
>
> So for what it's worth....
>
> -tj
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: STRATE at fordham.edu < STRATE at fordham.edu>
> Date: Nov 30, 2006 5:55 PM
> Subject: [MEA] Fwd:The yin and yang of numbers across cultures
> To: MEA at lists.ibiblio.org
>
> >From the Chronicle of Higher Ed's Magazine and Journal Reader.
> Thursday, November 30, 2006
>
> A glance at the current issue of the Bulletin of Science, Technology &
> Society: The yin and yang of numbers across cultures
>
>
>       In Japanese culture, a rainbow is considered to consist of seven
> colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple. A rainbow
> has
> one less color in the West, as Americans and Europeans tend not to count
> indigo. However, because a rainbow is actually a continuous spectrum, both
> perceptions are wrong, notes Yutaka Nishiyama, a professor at Osaka
> University of Economics, in Japan. He says those distinct viewpoints
> reflect a Japanese preference for odd numbers and Western favoritism
> toward
> even numbers.
> Mr. Nishiyama provides numerous other examples to suggest an East-West
> difference in the preference for odd or even numbers. According to a
> Japanese proverb, for example, three heads are better than two, "whereas
> in
> English, two are better than one." In a study of number-related words in
> English and Japanese, he found additional evidence. "It appears," he
> writes, "that the Japanese language has a cultural setting that favors the
> odd numbers 3 and 5, whereas English has a cultural setting that favors
> the
> even numbers 2, 4, and 6."
>
> The author looks at historical clues in attempting to explain why
> different
> cultures may have a preference for one form of numbers over the other. The
> ancient Greeks, he says, regarded odd numbers as good. So did the ancient
> Chinese. The latter utilized yin-yang thought, which is based on the idea
> of alternating opposites. For instance, yang is generally considered to be
> masculine, and yin to be feminine. He emphasizes, however, that the
> concept
> is meant to be interpreted as a system of opposites and of "infinite
> change," not as "a case of one being superior or inferior to the other."
> So
> a man is yang in relation to a woman, but yin in relation to his parents.
> Only in modern times, he says, has yang come to be understood as "good and
>
> superior" in relation to yin.
>
> He concludes that the ancient preference for odd numbers probably faded in
> the West with the arrival of modern mathematics, "as represented by
> Newton." As he explains it, modern mathematics values rationality, and
> "seems to have abandoned the ideas of ancient Chinese yin-yang thought and
> ancient Greek philosophy, in which odd numbers were male and even numbers
> female. When counting numbers, odd numbers were incomplete, in-between
> numbers, whereas even numbers were certainly more rational." Thus, "in
> contrast to the East, where odd numbers are positive and good, in the
> West,
> odd numbers are incomplete and superfluous."
>
> The article, "A Study of Odd- and Even-Number Cultures," is temporarily
> available free through Sage Publications.
>
> http://bst.sagepub.com/cgi
> <http://bst.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/6/479>
> /content/abstract/26/6/479
> <http://bst.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/6/479>
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>
> --
> ==========================================
> J. T. Johnson
> Institute for Analytic Journalism -- Santa Fe, NM USA
> www.analyticjournalism.com
> 505.577.6482(c)                                 505.473.9646(h)
> http://www.jtjohnson.com                 tom at jtjohnson.us
>
> "You never change things by fighting the existing reality.
> To change something, build a new model that makes the
> existing model obsolete."
>                                                    -- Buckminster Fuller
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