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synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal BP for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents -- my findings from Santa Fe to San Diego: Rich Murray 2015.08.02

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synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal BP for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents -- my findings from Santa Fe to San Diego: Rich Murray 2015.08.02

Rich Murray-2
synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal BP for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents -- my findings from Santa Fe to San Diego: Rich Murray 2015.08.02


A cataclysmic event of a certain age

At the end of the Pleistocene period, approximately 12,800 years ago — give or take a few centuries — a cosmic impact triggered an abrupt cooling episode that earth scientists refer to as the Younger Dryas.

Read more at:


Go to PNAS Homepage > Early Edition >
James P. Kennett, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1507146112

Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents

James P. Kennett a,1, Douglas J. Kennett b, Brendan J. Culleton b, J. Emili Aura Tortosa c, James L. Bischoff d, Ted E. Bunch e, I. Randolph Daniel, Jr. f, Jon M. Erlandson g, David Ferraro h, Richard B. Firestone i, Albert C. Goodyear j, Isabel Israde-Alcántara k, John R. Johnson l, Jesús F. Jordá Pardo m, David R. Kimbel n, Malcolm A. LeCompte o, Neal H. Lopinot p, William C. Mahaney q, Andrew M. T. Moore r, Christopher R. Moore j, Jack H. Ray p, Thomas W. Stafford, Jr. s,t, Kenneth Barnett Tankersley u, James H. Wittke e, Wendy S. Wolbach v, and Allen West w,2

a Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106;
b Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
c Departament Prehistoria i Arqueologia, Universitat de Valencia, E-46010 Valencia, Spain;
d Berkeley Geochronology Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94709;
e Geology Program, School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011;
f Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858;
g Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403;
h Viejo California Associates, Joshua Tree, CA 92252;
i Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720;
j South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208;
k Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Departamento de Geología y Mineralogía, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicólas de Hidalgo, 58060 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico;
l Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 93105;
m Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
n Kimstar Research, Fayetteville, NC 28312;
o Center of Excellence in Remote Sensing Education and Research, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909;
p Center for Archaeological Research, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897;
q Quaternary Surveys, Thornhill, ON, Canada L4J 1J4;
r College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623;
s AMS 14C Dating Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
t Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Geological Museum, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;
u Departments of Anthropology and Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221;
v Department of Chemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614;
w GeoScience Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327


Edited by Mark H. Thiemens, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,
and approved June 26, 2015 (received for review April 14, 2015)

Significance

A cosmic impact event at ∼12,800 Cal B.P. formed the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer, containing peak abundances in multiple, high-temperature, impact-related proxies, including spherules, melt glass, and nanodiamonds. 

Bayesian statistical analyses of 354 dates from 23 sedimentary sequences over four continents established a modeled YDB age range of 12,835 Cal B.P. to 12,735 Cal B.P., supporting synchroneity of the YDB layer at high probability (95%).

This range overlaps that of a platinum peak recorded in the Greenland Ice Sheet and of the onset of the Younger Dryas climate episode in six key records, suggesting a causal connection between the impact event and the Younger Dryas. 

Due to its rarity and distinctive characteristics, the YDB layer is proposed as a widespread correlation datum.

Abstract

The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis posits that a cosmic impact across much of the Northern Hemisphere deposited the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer, containing peak abundances in a variable assemblage of proxies, including magnetic and glassy impact-related spherules, high-temperature minerals and melt glass, nanodiamonds, carbon spherules, aciniform carbon, platinum, and osmium.

Bayesian chronological modeling was applied to 354 dates from 23 stratigraphic sections in 12 countries on four continents to establish a modeled YDB age range for this event of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. at 95% probability. 

This range overlaps that of a peak in extraterrestrial platinum in the Greenland Ice Sheet and of the earliest age of the Younger Dryas climate episode in six proxy records, suggesting a causal connection between the YDB impact event and the Younger Dryas.

Two statistical tests indicate that both modeled and unmodeled ages in the 30 records are consistent with synchronous deposition of the YDB layer within the limits of dating uncertainty (∼100 y). 

The widespread distribution of the YDB layer suggests that it may serve as a datum layer.

Younger Dryas comet Bayesian radiocarbon synchroneity

Footnotes
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [hidden email]

2 Retired.

Author contributions: J.P.K., D.J.K., B.J.C., T.E.B., W.S.W., and A.W. designed research;

J.P.K., D.J.K., B.J.C., J.E.A.T., J.L.B., T.E.B., I.R.D., J.M.E., D.F., A.C.G., I.I.-A., J.R.J., J.F.J.P., D.R.K., M.A.L., N.H.L., W.C.M., A.M.T.M., C.R.M., J.H.R., T.W.S., K.B.T., W.S.W., and A.W. performed research; 

J.P.K., D.J.K., B.J.C., J.E.A.T., J.L.B., I.R.D., J.M.E., D.F., R.B.F., A.C.G., I.I.-A., J.R.J., J.F.J.P., M.A.L., N.H.L., W.C.M., A.M.T.M., C.R.M., J.H.R., T.W.S., K.B.T., J.H.W., W.S.W., and A.W. analyzed data;

and J.P.K., D.J.K., B.J.C., J.E.A.T., I.R.D., J.M.E., D.F., A.C.G., I.I.-A., J.F.J.P., N.H.L., W.C.M., A.M.T.M., C.R.M., J.H.R., K.B.T., W.S.W., and A.W. wrote the paper.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

This article contains supporting information online at



nanodiamond-rich layer across three continents consistent with major cosmic impact at 12,800 Cal BP, Charles R. Kinzie, et al, Journal of Geology, free full text 68 pages CosmicTusk.com George Howard: Rich Murray 2014.09.06


Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago, James H. Wittke et al, PNAS: Rich Murray 2013.05.22 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2013/05/evidence-for-deposition-of-10-million.html


Dennis Cox blog, plain text, with images of samples of magnetic black glaze on melt rocks from 13 Ka ice comet fragment extreme plasma storm geoablation in Fresno, California: Rich Murray 2010.07.02

pertinent features near Campbell Mountain, studied by Dennis Cox, by his house in Fresno, CA: Rich Murray 2011.06.27

19 images of Fresno mountains and rock samples
?cid=5d6b9f6c30c6fe9f&sc=photos&id=5D6B9F6C30C6FE9F%21\1348



Do you know anyone who lives in Los Alamos, NM -- they can go to the White Rock overlook park platform, and collect plenty of surface melted pieces of black lava rock, on the W edge of the Rio Grande canyon -- the east side has extensive places with surface melted black lava rock all over the large Caja del Rio lava plateau...

35.826624 -106.179553  1.900 km elevation
White Rock Overlook Park, NM

A: surface melted black lava rocks, a short walk E of CR 24, W of Santa Fe
35.703110 -106.104870 1.951 km elevation

I haven't had any success getting experts to check out these sites since fall 2008...

The melted surfaces are sometimes 4 cm thick..., and often on vertical walls...

For about 100 km or more from San Diego, CA,  look for cracked, overturned, and rounded rocks of all sizes, much the same from top to bottom on the sides of 100-1000 m hills and mountains, with surface glazes and coatings, say, the NE corner of Santee...

32.878538 -116.968926
0.329 km elevation, 12 m long white boulders, NE corner of Santee, CA

32.721265 -116.930218 0.214 km elevation road
rounded gray-white rock ~4 m high
just S of Millar Ranch Road, S of road 94
with road level outcrop rocks to E
32.721265 -116.930218 0.214 km elevation road,
just E of huge power lines,
N of Mount Miguel.

32.701877 -116.763706 1.142 km elevation top
massive layers of exposed gray-white rock
Lyons Peak
Lyons Peak Fire Lookout Station
Lyons Peak Road to top on N side from
Lyons Valley Road,
in turn S of Skyline Truck Trail
and W of N end of Honey Springs Road,
which goes W to road 94

32.738895 -116.716424 1.169 km elevation top
Gaskill Peak
massive layers of cracked geoablated gray-white rocks



"YD impact debris across more than 10% of the planet" -- nanodiamonds in Lake Cuitzeo, Mexico, James Kennett and 15 coworkers, from 12.9 Ka impact event -- link to free full text of PNAS report: Rich Murray 2012.03.06


"Based upon astrophysical observations and modeling,
Napier (48) proposed that YDB impact markers were produced
when Earth encountered a dense trail of material from a large
already fragmented comet.

His model predicts cluster airbursts
and/or small cratering impacts that could account for the wide
distribution of YD impact debris across more than 10% of the
planet, including Cuitzeo."  [ PNAS report ]

Lake Cuitzeo   0.8--2.2 m deep,
19.940001   -101.140006   1.833 km el,
about 300--400 km^2, ~ 250 km NWW of Mexico City

http://cosmictusk.com/  [ George Howard blog ]



10 m broken rock hill with black glazes, W of Rancho Alegre Road, S of
Coyote Trail, W of Hwy 14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico, tour of 50
photos 1 MB size each via DropBox: Rich Murray 2011.07.28 2011.08.03
photos 3-5 of 50
______________________________________________

[ faulty URLs corrected 2011.08.26 ]

photos 3-5 of 50

[ Note: this long post serves to provide detailed evidence for shared
discussions about the effects on ground rocks of very hot, high
pressure gas jets from multiple clusters of air bursts of already
highly fragmented debris in solar orbit from an initially large mostly
ice comet. ]

What a great pleasure for me to have such an playful, informed,
intelligent, helpful, many-faceted response!


It was a real treat to see the photos of the shocked, melted, and
glazed rocks, which were within the initial high temperature, high
pressure fireball from .0005 KT TNT (500 tons TNT) for a few seconds
-- I've been finding very similar rocks on the large volcanic plateau
just W of Santa Fe, Caja del Rio, which extends from the La Bajada 200
m dropoff SW of Santa Fe to just E of the Rio Grande canyon, where
White Rock bedroom community lies on the W side:

1. a surface litter of freshly cracked rocks of all sizes

2. lava rocks still in place, horizontal or vertical, cracked and
fractured, that have a lighter color very bubbly interior structure,
which shades into a dense compacted subsurface of 1-10 cm thickness,
with the surface highly melted, and often with a metallic lustre,
usually very black and blue-black, sometimes with iridescent colors, a
glaze of 1-30 mm

3. rocks that seem thoroughly melted and twisted

4. concave depressions and fractures, suggesting to me blast effects

5. 1-10 m rocks that seem thoroughly cracked, often tilted and tossed

6. bubbly red lava may become 1 cm to 1 m dense, darker red chert-like rocks

I'll send you a photo from a dramatic site by a public road, W of road
14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico:

~10 m broken rock hill with black glazes above old mine, just W of
Rancho Allegre Road, just S of Coyote Trail (on E side),  W of Hwy 14,
S of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in area of expensive homes, ranches,
artists, movie sets.

35.479730  -106.085926  1.865 km el top

[ The October 1996 Google Earth historical imagery has a nice BW image
with the same resolution of about 1 m, while Google Maps Satellite
view indicates that this site is on the NE edge of a 7 km wide
volcanic region, with unusual blue-black, red-brown, and white areas
-- possibly all triggered by a concentration of directed Boslough jets
from air burst ice comet fragments... ]

Rich Murray and Michael H. Barron studied this site from 10:35 AM to
11:25 AM Friday December 10, 2010, taking 50 photos.

The various shades of brown to blue-black glazes, 1-3 mm thick, coat
the oddly rough, sharp textures of the ordinary lighter color bedrock,
which seems to be in place, fractured into 1-5 m pieces.

My interpretation is that a dense Boslough jet, from a 35 km/sec
mostly ice comet fragment air burst, at about 45 deg, with extremely
complex chaotic flows at high pressures and up to 5800 deg K,
fractured, ablated, and glazed the bedrock in a brief process, perhaps
a few seconds, in early Holocene times, since the ground litter has
many sharp fragments, not yet softened by normal erosion.

This gestalt pattern of ablation is easily found in all directions
within the 160 km radius of my own field visits since November, 2008.

In mutual service,  Rich Murray
[hidden email]  <a href="tel:505-819-7388" value="+15058197388" target="_blank">505-819-7388 <a href="tel:619-623-3468" value="+16196233468" target="_blank">619-623-3468



photo of typical air burst geoablation glaze on hard bedrock at top of Mount Helix park, E San Diego: Rich Murray 2012.03.15


---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, Mar 15, 2012 at 7:57 PM
Subject: typical air burst geoablation glaze on hard bedrock at top of Mount Helix park, E San Diego: Rich Murray 2012.03.15
To: Rich Murray 

Sent from my Verizon Wireless Phone

Mount Helix public park with white cross and outdoor concrete theater from about 1925 -- excellent access via helical road with parking lot and portapotty, about 2.2 km SE of roads 8 and 125, with similar mounts 1.5 km further SE -- in fact, probably all the mountains for a very long ways have the same evidence -- so I'm just alerting the alert to some nice obvious low hanging fruit...

Mount Helix is .419 km el, .250 km above road 125 at .169 km el about 1 km to W, so it is quite prominent, and has spectacular views.

32.766969   -116.983481   .415 km el.

1.5 m rock just to N of 1 m rock, both pink hard crystalline rock (granite?) with surface glaze a few mm thick that is redbrown and rough (like the surface of a brick) -- a white ballpoint pen provides the scale -- entirely typical of uneroded glazes on broken and rounded tumbled rocks and blocks at altitudes that preclude water erosion, suggesting the possibility of early Holocene surface melting and glazing by a very hot high pressure and density gas jet from an air burst, as simulated at Sandia Labs in recent years by Mark Boslough -- the first of 17 photos I took in my first visit to the site from 3 to 4 pm, Tuesday, March 13, 2012 -- I collected a few pounds of samples, to donate to anyone who can properly study the melts and glazes.

HTC Incredible 3G phone 7 Mpx cam, 1.491 MB jpg,
3264X1952 px, clear blue sky, 3 pm, 4 hours before sunset.

Google Earth view is 2010.08.23, about 10 AM.

Mt. Helix Park Foundation
4901 Mt. Helix Drive
La Mesa, CA 91941
Tracey Stotz <a href="tel:619-741-4363" value="+16197414363" target="_blank">619-741-4363
binannual newsletter, From the Top
total 2011 income $ 140,522



"As a matter of course, every soul citizen of Earth has a priority to quickly find and positively share evidence for healthy and safe food, drink, environment, and society."

within the fellowship of service,

Rich Murray,
MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,
BS MIT 1964 history and physics,
1039 Emory Street, Imperial Beach, CA 91932
<a href="tel:505-819-7388" value="+15058197388" target="_blank">505-819-7388 cell
<a href="tel:619-623-3468" value="+16196233468" target="_blank">619-623-3468 home
rich.murray11 free Skype audio, video chat


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