[Vo]:failures of H-Ni cold fusion tests with water cooling -- possible heat and O2 and H2 release via electrolysis by up to 220 V AC from shorts and deposited metals with danger of shocks and explosions: Rich Murray 2011.02.05 Inbox X Reply from Rich

[Rich Murray-2]

[Vo]:failures of H-Ni cold fusion tests with water cooling -- possible
heat and O2 and H2 release via electrolysis by up to 220 V AC from
shorts and deposited metals with danger of shocks and explosions: Rich
Murray 2011.02.05

from Rich Murray <[hidden email]>
reply-to [hidden email]
to [hidden email],
michael barron <[hidden email]>,
"Sterling D. Allen" <[hidden email]>,
[hidden email],
Rich Murray <[hidden email]>,
Rich Murray <[hidden email]>
date Sat, Feb 5, 2011 at 10:09 AM
subject [Vo]:failures of H-Ni cold fusion tests with water cooling --
possible heat and O2 and H2 release via electrolysis by up to 220 V AC
from shorts and deposited metals with danger of shocks and explosions:
Rich Murray 2011.02.05
10:09 AM (1 hour ago)

failures of H-Ni cold fusion tests with water cooling -- possible heat
and O2 and H2 release via electrolysis by up to 220 V AC from shorts
and deposited metals with danger of shocks and explosions: Rich Murray
2011.02.05

This vision came to this morning, as I woke up with my blindfold and
O2 nose mask feed, so I thought I would make the rough ideas available
immediately, since the presentation re the 10 KW Rossi results will
start in 14 hours in Chennai, India -- also there is a severe electric
shock hazard, as well as explosions from steam pressure and H2-O2
recombination.

http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/files/Levi,%20Bianchini%20and%20Villa%20Reports.pdf

With the Rossi cell, the initial water flow was 168 gm in 45 seconds, 3.7 gm/s.
The hydrogen pressure in the cell for the Test 2 demo was 80 bar.

"As it can be seen the system was turned on just around 16.55. After
approx 30 minutes a kink can be observed in the  (Y). Because input
power ( 1120W also checked via and clamp amperometer ) was not
modified (see fig.5 later) this change
of slope testify that the reactor was ignited.
After a startup period approx 20 minutes long were the reactor power
was almost constant taking the water  to ≈75 °C a second
kink is found when the reactor fully ignites rising the measured
temperature at 101.6 +/-0.1 °C and transforming the water in to
steam."

The initial high temperatures from the 1120 W electric power input may
stress the cooling water pipe inside the cell, opening leaks and
releasing water into the cell interior, which would form high pressure
steam, further stressing cell components, and leading to more water
leakage, as well as electrical shorts from the heating resistors and
their wires, which in turn can electrolyze the water into H2 and O2,
further increasing cell gas pressures, and facilitating
electrochemical corrosion of nickel, copper, and stainless steel cell
components, leading to the spread of metal particles and deposits
within the cell, and so increasing the conductive paths available for
more electrical and H2-O2 recombination hot spots.
All this could generate the measured excess heat after "ignition",
continuing after the input electric power is reduced to 400 W.
In addition, a 220 V AC leak could start to operate from within the
cell back into the cooling water pipe and along the water flow to any
electric grounds within the input and output directions, heating the
water and producing H2 and O2 gas, which may be a component of the
observed "steam" output.
If accumulated within a nearby closet with a drainage sink for the hot
water output, H2 and O2 could produce a dangerous explosion.

Copper may be deposited in substantial amounts on the nickel
nanopowder over a run of 6 months.

Similar processes may have occurred in many other experiments since 1989.

"Before ending [Test1] all the power was reduced and then switched off
 from the resistors and also the hydrogen supply was closed.
No pressure decrease was noted in the H2 bottle.
Even in this conditions the  system kept running  self sustaining, for
about 15 minutes until it was decided to manually stop the reaction by
cooling the reactor using a large water flux (note the decrease of the
water input temperature). "

"In [Test2] the power measured was 12686 +/- 211 W for about 40 min
with a water flux  146.4g +/- 0.1  per 30 +/- 0.5 s.
The mean input power during the test was 1022 W."

"During the test the main resistor, used to  ignite the reaction,
failed due to defective welding.
Even in that condition the reactor successfully started operation
using the other resistors but the duration of the experiment in full
power  (≈40 min) was “too short” to observe a self sustaining
reaction."

[ Note: "defective welding" ...]

 "Fig. 5 Power adsorbed during tests in W.
The time abscissa has 15min tics from counted from the first record.
Spikes in [Test 1] are due to line voltage spikes.
The anomalous behavior in [Test 2] is clear."

[ "line voltage spikes" , or intermittent shorts in the cell? ]


http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@.../msg33306.html

[  This is the first of an 26 post debate... ]

[Vo]:Most papers from Piantelli are authored by Focardi
Jed Rothwell
Fri, 17 Jul 2009 15:39:18 -0700

I referred to Piantelli the other day. It turns out I have no papers
by him at LENR-CANR.org. There are several by his co-author Focardi,
such as:

Focardi, S., et al., Large excess heat production in Ni-H systems.
Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1998. 111A: p. 1233.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/FocardiSlargeexces.pdf

I think Piantelli is the leader of the group.

I have not heard if they responded to the critique by Cerron-Zeballos et al.

Cerron-Zeballos did a careful, year-long attempt to replicate, as you
see in the paper. As far as I can tell, they disproved the Focardi
claims. I with [wish] that more cold fusion experiments were
replicated with this kind of care.

- Jed


http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CerronZebainvestigat.pdf

Cerron-Zeballos, E., et al., Investigation of anomalous heat
production in Ni-H systems. Nuovo
Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1996. 109A: p. 1645.
Investigation of anomalous heat production in Ni-H systems.
E. Cerron-Zeballos, I, Crotty, D. Hatzifotiadou, J. Lamas Valverde, M.
C. S. Williams and A. Zichichi.
LAA project, CERN - Geneva, Switzerland
(ricevuto il 3 Luglio 1996; approvato il 18 Novcmbre 1996)

Summary. — Anomalous heat production in a nickel rod loaded with
hydrogen has been reported by Focardi et al. (Nuovo Cimento A, 107
(1994) 163).
We have investigated this phenomenon by repeating the experiment.
We found the results previously published to be consistent with our
observations;
namely we measured higher temperatures for the same input power when
hydrogen is absorbed during a heating cycle. Nevertheless this
temperature rise does not appear to correspond to an increase in heat
production.
We have added a temperature sensor to the container of the experiment.
The temperature of the container follows the same temperature with
input power curve irrespective of whether there is an anomalous
absorption of hydrogen or not;
therefore we have no evidence that this temperature increase
corresponds to another source of heat.
In conclusion, we have observed all the effects discovered by Focardi
et al., but our results imply that there is no production of power
associated with the absorption of hydrogen by nickel.
PACS 25.70.Jj - Fusion and fusion-fission reactions.
[ They used used a rod 9 cm long and .6 cm wide, studying the
absorption of H at 360 Torr pressure at up to over 400 deg C, each
pressure stage taking 2 hours to reach thermal equilibrium, studying
the cell for over a year. ]

"We have observed a similar increase in rod and heater coil
temperature as reported by Focardi et al. during loading cycles which
had an anomalous absorption of hydrogen.
However, since we recorded the temperature of the container (Focardi
et al. do not mention making such a measurement) we
cannot attribute this rise in temperature to an extra source of heat.
We believe that the rise in temperature must be due to a change in the
thermal characteristics of the nickel bar correlated to the phenomenon
of hydrogen absorption."

"In addition, the phenomenon of hydrogen absorption proves to be
non-reproducible from one loading cycle to the next and we have been
unable to define the trigger condition that guarantees an anomalous
absorption cycle."


http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@.../msg33337.html

Re: [Vo]:Most papers from Piantelli are authored by Focardi
Steven Krivit
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 21:12:18 -0700

.....
Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli, F. and Veronesi, S.,
<http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1998/1998FocardiS-LargeExcessHeatProductionNiH.pdf>
"Large Excess Heat Production in Ni-H Systems,"
Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 111A, p. 1233-1242, (1998)

Focardi S., Habel R., and Piantelli F.,
<http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1994/1994Focardi-AnomalousHeatNi-H-NuovoCimento.pdf>
"Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H Systems,"
Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 107A, p. 163-167, (1994)

Franco, Foresta Martin,
"Siena scopre l' energia pulita Fusione fredda all' italiana?,"
Corriere Della Sera, (Feb. 19, 1994) Notoya, R. et al.,

"Tritium Generation and Large Excess Heat Evolution by Electrolysis in
Light and Heavy Water-Potassium Carbonate Solutions With Nickel
Electrodes,"
Fusion Technology, Vol. 26, p. 179, (Sept. 1994)

Sankaranarayanan, T.K., Srinivasan, M., Bajpai, M.B., and Gupta, D.S.,
"Evidence for Tritium Generation in Self-Heated Nickel Wires Subjected
to Hydrogen Gas Absorption/Desorption Cycles," Proceedings of Fifth
International Conference on Cold Fusion, Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA
Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France, (1995)

Focardi S., Gabbani V., Habel R., Montalbano V., Piantelli F. and Veronesi S.,
"Status of Cold Fusion in Italy," Siena Workshop, Siena, 24-25 (March 1995)

Focardi S., Gabbani V., Habel R., Montalbano V., Piantelli F. and Veronesi S.,
[paper name missing],
Atti Accad. Fisiocritici, Serie XV, Tomo XV p.109-115, (1996)

Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas Valverde,
J., Williams, M.C.S., and Zibichi, A.,
<http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1996/1996Cerron-InvestigationOfAnomalous.pdf>
"Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H Systems," Nuovo
Cimento, Vol. 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996)

Focardi S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli, F., and Veronesi, S.,
"Analisi Superficiale Con Mocrosonda X Delle Barrette Metalliche
Utilizzate Per La Produzione Anomala Di Energia Negli Esperimenti Di
Siena,
Atti Acc. Fisiocritici Siena, Serie 15, Tomo 15, p. 109-115, (1996)

Sankaranarayanan, T.K., Srinivasan, M., Bajpai, M.B., and Gupta, D.S.,
"Investigation of Low-level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells,"
Fusion Technology, Vol. 30, p. 349, (1996)

Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli, F. and Veronesi, S.,
"On the Ni-H System,"
Asti Workshop in Hydrogen- /Deuterium-Loaded Metals, (27-30 November 1997)

Focardi S., Gabbani V., Habel R., Montalbano V., Piantelli F. and Veronesi S.,
[paper name missing],
Asti Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen/DeuteriumLoaded Metals, Asti,
(27-30 November 1997)

Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli, F. and Veronesi,
S.,<http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1998/1998FocardiS-LargeExcessHeatProductionNiH.pdf>
"Large Excess Heat Production in Ni-H Systems,"
Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 111A, p. 1233-1242, (1998)

Mengoli, G., Bernardini, M., Manducchi, C., and Zannoni, G.,
<http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1998/1998MengoliG-AnomalousHeatEffects-w.pdf>
"Anomalous Heat Effects Correlated With Electrochemical Hydriding of Nickel,"
Il Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 20 D, p. 331-352, (1998)

Battaglia, A., Daddi, L., Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V.,
Piantelli, F., Sona, P.G., and nesi, S.,
<http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1999/1999BattagliaA-NeutronEmissionNiH.pdf>
"Neutron Emission in Ni-H Systems,"
Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 112 A p. 921-931, (Sept. 1999)

Campari, E. G., Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli,
F., Porcu, E., Tosti E. and Veronesi, S.,
"Ni-H Systems,"
Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Cold Fusion, p. 69-74, (2000)

Focardi, S. and Piantelli, F.,
"Produzione Di Energia E Reazioni Nucleari In Sistemi Ni-H A 400 C,"
XIX Congresso Nazionale UIT, 2000+?

Campari, E., Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli, F.,
and Veronesi, S.,<http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/2004/2004CampariEGoverviewOfH-NiSystems.pdf>
"Overview of H-Ni Systems: Old Experiments and New Setup," 5th Asti
Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen- / Deuterium-Loaded Metals, Asti,
Italy, (2004)

Campari, E.G., Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli,
F., and Veronesi, F.,
"Surface Analysis of Hydrogen-Loaded Nickel Alloys," Proceedings of
the Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear
Science, Marseille, France, (2004)

Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V., Piantelli, F. and
Veronesi, S., Focardi, S., et al.
"Evidence of Electromagnetic Radiation From Ni-H Systems," Proceedings
of the Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear
Science, Marseille, France, (2004)



http://www.esowatch.com/ge/index.php?title=Focardi-Rossi-Energiekatalysator

[ Google, German to English translation ]

http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.esowatch.com/ge/index.php%3Ftitle%3DFocardi-Rossi-Energiekatalysator&ei=qTZLTaDhLYaosAOxvIGRCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFkQ7gEwCA&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522EON%2BSRL%2522%2BLeonardo%2BRossi%26hl%3Den%26prmd%3Divnso

Focardi, Rossi-energy catalyst

Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi (picture "La Repubblica")

The Focardi, Rossi-energy catalyst (also Rossi energy amplifier) is a
compact alleged fusion reactor based on adopted a "cold fusion
technology" , the company EON srl in Italy in 2011 the market will
come by.
He will bring the product to a supplied electrical heating power of a
few hundred watts of heat output of over 10 kW.
According to the inventor, the Italian retired physicist and engineer
Sergio Focardi Andrea Rossi [1] , find the reactor cold fusion of
hydrogen and nickel instead of one, which leads to the formation of
copper.
The corollary should also occur from ionizing radiation.
Previous replication attempts failed.
A final public performance was held in January 2011.
The actual inventor of the principle was in 1989, the Italian
biophysicist Francesco Piantelli that a patent filed 2010th [2]
Rossi recognizes this but does not: "My process has nothing to do with
the process of Piantelli reactors. The proof is that I am making
operating , he is not. "

.....Replication experiments

In 1996, a group Antonino Zichichi tried for a year at the Geneva CERN
to repeat the experiment, but remained unsuccessful.
Although the authors speak of observed temperature increases, however,
would not correspond to any energy release:

The authors state,
"We have found the [Piantelli-Focardi group's] results to be
consistent with our observations, we measured higher temperatures for
the same input power when hydrogen is absorbed during a heating cycle.
Namely Nevertheless this temperature rise does not appear to An
increase in heat production.
We have added a temperature sensor correspond to the container of the
experiment. to
The temperature of the container follows the same temperature with
input power curve Irrespective of Whether there is an anomalous
absorption of hydrogen or not,
Therefore we have no evidence that this temperature increase
Corresponds to another source of heat.
In conclusion, we have observed all the effects discovered by Focardi
et al., but our results imply that there is no production of power
associated with the absorption of hydrogen by nickel. " [12]

1998/1999 there was a further replication attempt in Pavia (Italy) by
the researchers Nosenzo Luigi and Luigi Cattaneo.
Again or release of energy could be observed over several months, no
fusion reaction. [13].....

12. ↑ Cerron-Zeballos, E.,
Crotty, I.,
Hatzifotiadou, D.,
Lamas Valverde, J.,
Williams, MCS,
and Zichichi, A.,
" Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H system.
Nuovo Cimento, Vol 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996).

13. ↑ Adalberto Piazzoli.
"Fusione Fredda? Una ricerca italiana .
CICAP - Scienza & Paranormal N. 78 (May 2008)


Literature

Focardi S., R. Habel, and Piantelli F.,
"Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H system,"
Nuovo Cimento, Vol 107A, p. 163-167, (1994)

Notoya, R. et al.,
"Tritium Generation and Large Excess Heat Evolution by Electrolysis in
Light and Heavy Water-Potassium Carbonate Solutions With Nickel
Electrodes,"
Fusion Technology, Vol 26, p. 179, (Sept. 1994)

Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas Valverde,
J., Williams, MCS, and Zibichi, A.,
"Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H system,"
Nuovo Cimento, Vol . 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996)

Mengoli, G., Bernardini, M., Manducchi, C., and Zannoni, G.,
"Anomalous Heat Effects Correlated With Electrochemical Hydriding of nickel,"
Il Nuovo Cimento, Vol 20 D, p. 331-352, (1998)

Battaglia, A., Daddi, L., Focardi, S., Gabbani, V., Montalbano, V.,
Piantelli, F., Sona, PG, and Nesi, S.,
"Neutron emission in Ni-H System,"
Nuovo Cimento, Vol 112 A p. 921-931, (Sept. 1999)

S. Focardi, V. Gabbani, V. Montalbano, F. Piantelli, P. Veronesi.
"Large excess heat production in Ni-H systems".
Il Nuovo Cimento Vol 111 A, N.11 pp. 1233, novembre 1998

Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas Valverde,
J., Williams, MCS, and Zichichi, A.,
"Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H system."
Nuovo Cimento, Vol 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996).

Adalberto Piazzoli.
"Fusione Fredda? Una ricerca italiana.
CICAP - Scienza & Paranormal N. 78 (May 2008)

Links

website by Andrea Rossi
"Journal of Nuclear Physics" . The title suggests a physical magazine
really is one of Focardi and Rossi-powered, blog-style website,
through their contributions but said a peer review and would be
reviewed "at least a" physics professor.

http://www.eonsrl.com (currently empty)

http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/ ~ kowalski/cf/388amplifier.html

http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/news/2008/NET29-8dd54geg.shtml

Ressource

1. ↑ Rossi: I am a doctor in the Philosophy of Science and Engineering
from the Universita 'Degli Studi Di Milano

2. ↑ WO 2010058288 A1: PROCESS FOR ENERGY AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.
2010-05-27. Inventor: PIANTELLI SILVIA; PIANTELLI FRANCESCO

3. ↑ S. Focardi stating in an e-mail: [...] mostra l'esistenza Tues Cu
(non presente inizialmente) i cui sono due vidual compounds stabilized
in un rapporto diverso da quello naturale [...]

4. ↑ S. Focardi, V. Gabbani, V. Montalbano, F. Piantelli, P. Veronesi.
"Large excess heat production in Ni-H systems". Il Nuovo Cimento Vol
111 A, N.11 pp. 1233, novembre 1998

5. ↑ Battaglia, L. Daddi, S. Focardi, V. Gabbani, V. Montalbano, F.
Piantelli, PG Sona, P. Veronesi. "Neutron emission in Ni-H system."
Nuovo Cimento 112A, pp. 921, 1999.

6. ↑ E. Stremmenos: Hydrogen / Nickel ColdFusion probable mechanism.
Journal of nuclear physics, 12/12/2010

7. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_extraction_techniques #
Recovery_from_nickel-cobalt_sulfide_concentrates_.28Sherritt_process.29

8. ↑ S. Focardi, A. Rossi: energy source from nuclear fusion., A
journal og nuclear physics. New [1]

9. ↑ "Truffle Prize, second Asti Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen /
Deuterium Loaded Metals, 1995

10. ↑ press conference on 20 February 1994, Aula Magna of the
University of Siena

11. ↑ http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=360

12. ↑ Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas
Valverde, J., Williams, MCS, and Zichichi, A., " Investigation of
Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H system . Nuovo Cimento, Vol 109A, p.
1645-1654, (1996).

13. ↑ Adalberto Piazzoli. " Fusione Fredda? Una ricerca italiana .
CICAP - Scienza & Paranormal N. 78 (May 2008)

14. ↑ Eon SrlVCragazzi 18, I-44012 Bondeno

15. ↑ EON Srl, Via Ottaviano 66, Roma

16. ↑ Leonardo Corporation, 116 South River Road, Bedford, NH 03 110 -
USA. Website: http://leonardocorp1996.com

17.↑ WO 2009/125444 A1: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL
AND HYDROGEN exothermal REACTIONS. Applicant: Pascucci, Maddalena.
Inventor: Rossi, Andrea. Publication Date: 15/10/2009

18.↑ EP 02259998 A1: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT EXOTHERMIC
REACTIONS BETWEEN NICKEL AND HYDROGEN. Applicant: Pascucci, Maddalena.
Inventor: Rossi, Andrea. EP-Disclosure Date: 15/12/2010

19. ↑ http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wads.jsp?IA=IT2008000532&LANGUAGE=EN&ID=id00000011868762&VOL=100&DOC=075642&WO=09/125444&WEEK=NA&TYPE=NA&DOC_TYPE=WOSA&TOK=Q309-A-eI6srxLYw7s9qWfbp73Y&PAGE=1

Categories : para-science | Cold Fusion

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[ Focardi is not mentioned at all, while on page 16,

Fig. 7. Histogram showing the number of reports of anomalous elements
found on a cathode surface having the plotted atomic number ,

does not include nickel. ]

36 pages

Preprint
Published in Naturwissenschaften, 97 (2010) 861
Published version available at www.springerlink.com
1
Status of Cold-Fusion (2010)
Edmund Storms
KivaLabs, Santa Fe, NM
Email: [hidden email]

Abstract

The phenomenon called cold-fusion has been studied for the last 21
years since its
discovery  by  Profs.  Fleischmann  and  Pons  in  1989.
The  discovery  was  met  with considerable  skepticism,  but
supporting  evidence  has  accumulated,  plausible  theories have
been  suggested,  and  research  is  continuing  in  at  least  8
countries.
This  paper provides  a  brief  overview  of  the major  discoveries
and  some  of  the  attempts  at  an explanation.
The evidence supports the claim that a nuclear reaction between
deuterons to produce helium can occur  in special materials without
application of high energy.
This reaction is found to produce clean energy at potentially useful
levels without the harmful byproducts normally associated with a
nuclear process.
Various requirements of a model are examined.
Keywords: cold fusion, CMNS, LENR, heat production, transmutation, review

Storms  EK  and  Scanlan  B  (2010)
What  is  real  about  cold  fusion  and  what  explanations  are  plausible?
AIP Symposium Series J Marwan, Am Inst of Phys

Matsumoto T (1993)
Cold fusion experiments with ordinary water and thin nickel foil.
Fusion Technol 24:296

Notoya R (1994)
Alkali-hydrogen cold fusion accompanied by tritium production on nickel.
Trans Fusion Technol. 26(#4T):205

Sankaranarayanan  TK,  Srinivasan  M  et  al  (1996)
Investigation  of  low-level  tritium  generation  in  Ni-H2O
electrolytic cells.
Fusion Technol 30:349

Widom A  and Larsen L  (2006)
Ultra  low momentum  neutron  catalyzed  nuclear  reactions  on
metallic  hydride surfaces.
Eur Phys J C46:107


http://www.infinite-energy.com/resources/keyexpdata.html


Mills Technologies and Ursinus College

"Excess Heat Production by the Electrolysis of an Aqueous Potassium
Carbonate Electrolyte and the Implications for Cold Fusion," Randell
L. Mills, and Steven O. Kneizys, Fusion Technology, Vol. 20, August
1991, pp. 65-81.

Calorimetry of pulsed current and continuous electrolysis of aqueous
potassium carbonate (K+/K+ electrocatalytic couple) at a nickel
cathode is performed in single cell dewar calorimetry cells. Excess
power out exceeded input power by a factor of >37. [Note: Further
spectacular results through 1999 are to be found on the company's web
site: http://www.blacklightpower.com]


NASA Lewis Research Center

"Replication of the Apparent Excess Heat Effect in a Light
Water-Potassium Carbonate-Nickel Electrolytic Cell," by Janis M.
Niedra, Ira T. Meyers, Gustave C. Fralick, and Richard S. Baldwin,
NASA Technical Memorandum 107167, February 1996.

Replication of experiments claiming to demonstrate excess heat
production in light water-Ni-K2CO3 electrolytic cells was found to
produce an apparent excess heat of 11 watts maximum for 60 W
electrical power into the cell. Power gains ranged from 1.06 to
1.68...


JET Energy Technology, Inc. (Wellesley, MA) andMassachusetts Institute
of Technology

"Optimal Operating Point Characteristics of Nickel light Water
Experiments," Mitchell R. Swartz, Proceedings of the Seventh
International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF-7), April 19-24, 1998,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 371-377.

Nickel light-water electrochemically loaded systems with a variety of
cathodes have been investigated using low-noise multiring calorimetry.
Plots of excess heat, or power gain, as a function of input electric
power drive indicate a narrow locus of optimal system operating
points. At the center of the optimal operating point, the peak power
ratio or power gain may be at a relative maximum. Driving with
electrical input power beyond this operating point yields a typical
falloff of the observed power ratio for increasing input power or
current levels toward a power gain ratio of 1 and less. This optimal
operating point behavior to increasing input electrical power drive
may be general behavior for both palladium-heavy water and
nickel-light water systems including the production of ash and
enthalpy.


Fusion Studies Laboratory, University of Illinois and Clean Energy
Technologies, Inc.

"Nuclear Transmutations in Thin-Film Nickel Coatings Undergoing
Electrolysis," George H. Miley and James A. Patterson, paper delivered
at the Second International Conference on Low Energy Nuclear
Reactions, Texas A&M University, September 13-14, 1996, published also
in Infinite Energy, No. 9, 1996, pp. 19-32.

Experiments using 1-mm plastic and glass microspheres coated with
single and multilayers of thin films of various metals such as
palladium and nickel, used in a packed-bed electrolytic cell
(Patterson Power Cell™ Configuration), have apparently produced a
variety of nuclear reaction products. The analysis of a run with 650-Å
film of Ni is presented here. Following a two-week electrolytic run,
the Ni film was found to contain Fe, Ag, Cu, Mg, and Cr, in
concentrations exceeding 2 atom % each, plus a number of additional
trace elements. These elements were at the most, only present in the
initial film and the electrolyte plus other accessible cell components
in much smaller amounts. That fact, combined with other data, such as
deviations from natural isotope abundances, seemingly eliminates the
alternate explanation of impurities concentrating in the film. Results
showing a broad array of products, such as found here, have also been
obtained with thin film coatings of other materials, e.g., Pd and
multi-layers of Pd and Ni. The yields of the major elements
contributing depend on the film material, however... The array of
products found in these experiments is consistent with recent studies
of solid Pd and Au electrodes by Mizuno et al., 1996 and Ohmori and
Enyo, 1996, respectively...

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