Rossi hydrogen nickel cold fusion patent details, far simpler than a Model T Ford...: Rich Murray 2011.01.13

[Rich Murray-2]

Rossi hydrogen nickel cold fusion patent details, far simpler than a
Model T Ford...: Rich Murray 2011.01.13

Rich Murray 505-819-7388  [hidden email]


"A practical embodiment of the inventive apparatus, installed on
October 16, 2007, is at present perfectly operating 24 hours per day,
and provides an amount of heat sufficient to heat the factory of the
Company EON of via Carlo Ragazzi 18, at Bondeno (Province of Ferrara)
."

http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?IA=IT2008000532&DISPLAY=DESC

[ quote from international patent, International Filing Date: 04.08.2008 ]

Latest bibliographic data on file with the International Bureau

Pub. No.:   WO/2009/125444   International Application No.:
        PCT/IT2008/000532

Publication Date: 15.10.2009 International Filing Date: 04.08.2008

Chapter 2 Demand Filed: 09.11.2009

IPC: C01B 3/00 (2006.01), C01B 6/02 (2006.01)

Applicants: PASCUCCI MADDALENA [IT/IT]; Via Ezio, 24 1-00192 ROMA (IT)
(All Except US).

ROSSI, Andrea [IT/IT]; (IT) (US Only).

Inventor: ROSSI, Andrea; (IT).

Agent: CICOGNA, Franco; UFFICIO INTERNAZIONALE BREVETTI DOTT. PROF.
FRANCO CICOGNA VIA VISCONTI Dl MODRONE 14/A 1-20122 MILANO - ITALY
(IT) .

Priority Data: MI2008A 000629 09.04.2008  IT

Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN
EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS

Abstract:
A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal
reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably,
though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and
heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from
150 to 5000C are herein disclosed.
[ probably 500 deg C -- a typo ]
In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube
containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure,
preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars....

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

With reference to the number references of the above mentioned
figures, the apparatus according to the present invention comprises an
electric resistance 1, enclosed in a metal tube 2, further including
therein a nickel powder 3.

A solenoid valve 4 adjusts the pressure under which hydrogen 5 is
introduced into the metal tube.

Both the temperature generated by the electric resistance or resistor
and the hydrogen injection pressure can be easily adjusted either to
constant or pulsating values.
More specifically, the electric resistance, or other heat source, is
switched off as the exothermal reaction generating energizing status
is triggered.
A thermostat will hold said heat source operating, depending on the
temperature in the circuit.
The assembly comprising said electric resistance and nickel holding
copper tube is shielded from the outer environment by using,
respectively from the
inside to the outside:
a) a jacket 7 including water and boron, or only boron b) a further
lead jacket 8, which, optionally, though not necessarily, may be
coated by a steel layer

9.

The above mentioned coatings are so designed as to restrain all
radiations emitted by the exothermal reaction and transform said
radiation into thermal energy.

The heat generated by the particle decay and nuclear transformations
will heat the primary fluid, comprising borated water, thereby said
primary fluid, in turn, will exchange heat with the secondary circuit,
in turn heated by said primary fluid and conveying the produced
thermal energy to desired applications, such as electric power,
heating, mechanical energy, and so on.

In the absence of a primary fluid, the fluid to be heated will
exchange heat directly with the lead and steel jacket.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the apparatus
further comprises the following features.
Nickel is coated in a copper tube 100, including a heating electric
resistance 101, adjusted and controlled by a controlling thermostat
(not shown) adapted to switch off said resistance 101 as nickel is
activated by hydrogen contained in a bottle 107.
A first steel-boron armored construction 102, coated by a second lead
armored construction 103, protect both the copper tube, the hydrogen
bottle
connection assembly 106, and the hydrogen bottle or cylinder 107 ,
thereby restraining radiations through the overall radiation life,
allowing said radiations to be transformed into thermal energy.
On the outside of the lead armored construction, the copper reactor
cooling water, circulates through a steel outer pipe assembly 105, and
this conveyed to thermal energy using devices.

The above disclosed prototype can also be used as a heating module
which, in a series and/or parallel coupling relationship with other
like modules, will provide a basic core desired size and power heating
systems .

A practical embodiment of the inventive apparatus, installed on
October 16, 2007, is at present perfectly operating 24 hours per day,
and provides an amount of heat sufficient to heat the factory of the
Company EON of via Carlo Ragazzi 18, at Bondeno (Province of Ferrara)
.

For better understanding the invention, the main components of the
above mentioned apparatus have been schematically shown in Table 2.

The above mentioned apparatus, which has not been yet publicly
disclosed, has demonstrated that, for a proper operation, the hydrogen
injection must be carried out under a variable pressure.

The electric resistance temperature controlling thermostat has been
designed to switch off said electric resistance after 3-4 hours of
operation, thereby providing self-supplied system, continuously
emitting thermal energy in an amount larger than that initially
generated by said electric resistance, which mode of operation is
actually achieved by an exothermal reaction.

As it will be shown in a detailed manner in the following Table 1, it
is possible to calculate that, supposing a full transformation, a
mole, that is 58 g nickel, generate the same amount of energy obtained
by burning about 30,000 tons of oil.

Figures 2-5 show data measured on January 30, 2008 which basically
demonstrate that the invention actually provides a true nuclear cold
fusion.

The photo of figure 2 , ( obtained by a 1.400 x electronic microscope)
shows the nickel powder on a 1.400 x scale, as withdrawn from the
apparatus: in particular said photo clearly shows the flake granules,
greatly promoting an absorption of the hydrogen atoms by the nickel
nuclei.

The two arrows in the figure show the two positions of the powder
sample thereon the electronic microscope tests for detecting the
powder atomic composition have been carried out.

The two graphs of figures 3 and 4 have been made by the electronic
microscope of Dipartimento di Fisica dell' Universita di Bologna,
under the supervision of Prof. Sergio Focardi, on January 30, 2008,
and are related to the powder atomic composition at the two above
points of figure 2.

In particular, said graphs clearly show that zinc is formed, whereas
zinc was not present in the nickel powder originally loaded into the
apparatus said zinc being actually generated by a fusion of a nickel
atom and two hydrogen atoms .

This demonstrates that, in addition to fusion, the inventive reaction
also provides a nickel nucleus fission phenomenon generating lighter
stable atoms.

Moreover, it has been found that, after having generated energy the
used powders contained both copper and lighter than nickel atoms (such
as sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium) .

[ Since 1989, such scanning electron studies in cold fusion reports
invariably find preexisting impurities... ]

This demonstrate that, in addition to fusion, also a nickel nucleus
fission phenomenon generating light  lighter stable atoms occurs.
It has been found that the invention fully achieves the intended aim
and objects....


http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=211

[ full text ]

Nuclear signatures to be expected from Rossi energy amplifier
by Jacques Dufour
CNAM Laboratoire des sciences nucléaires, 2 rue Conté 75003 Paris France

Direct Download

Abstract:
the nuclear signatures that can be expected when contacting hydrogen
with fine nickel powders are derived from thermal results recently
obtained (Rossi energy amplifier).
The initiation of the reactions (either by proton or neutron capture)
is not discussed and considered as true.
Proposals are made to check the process either by radiation emission
measurements or by elemental analysis (ICP-MS)

1. Introduction

In a recent paper [1], results are presented on vast amounts of energy
(kWh) generated by contacting Hydrogen at pressures of tens of bars
and temperatures round 400°C, with nickel powder (with an unspecified
additive).
No harmful radiations were measured, which is attributed to the
presence of a lead shield absorbing γ emission occurring during the
run and to the very short period of the instable species formed during
the run and decaying after shut down.
The efficiency of the process is very high (Eout/Ein up to 400).
These levels of energy production strongly points to a nuclear origin.
The proposed process [1] would be proton capture by the nickel nuclei.
The coulomb barrier problem is suggested to be solved by the strong
screening of the electrons.
Another solution has been proposed [2]: virtual neutrons formation,
reacting with the Nickel nuclei.
This solution is also proposed in [3] with a very elaborate justification.
In this paper, the capture of a neutron or a proton by a nickel
nucleus is accepted as real.
The consequences of these captures are analyzed (using very well
documented nuclear chemistry data [4], [5]) and proposals are made for
precise verification of the process invoked....

70 Comments

Andrea Rossi
July 14th, 2010 at 2:37 PM

Dear Prof. Celani:

1- with a charge of 1 g of Ni we consume 94 kWh of energy, considering
the consume of Hydrogen and of power, and produce 750 kWh.
Margin of variance: 10% moreless.
This gain is the limit above which dangerous situations begin.

2- We think that all the Ni participates to the reactions, even if
some isotopes should be more efficient.
Anyway, we use regular Ni, because the isotopes separation is too
expensive, at least right now, and the answer 1 relates to regular Ni
with the natural isotopical composition

3- I do not think we have H+H reactions: much higher energies would be
necessary to produce He.
We use low energies, high energies make the nucleons too energetic to
build something useful.
This, at least, is my opinion, which, as everything in theoretic
physics, can be wrong.

Thank you for your questions,
Warmest Regards, Andrea Rossi


Andrea Rossi
July 13th, 2010 at 2:50 PM

Dear Prof. Celani,

I am really pleased from the fact that you looked at our work. I know
who you are and I thank you really for your attention.

Our standard module consumes 500 watts and yields constantly and with
absolute reliability, with no risks that radiations exit the reactor
and with no risks of explosion, 4 kW.
We obtained much higher efficiencies, as you can read on the
Focardi-Rossi paper published on the Journal Of Nuclear Physics, but
now I had to find a compromise to manufacture power plants with
absolute reliability under the point of view of safety.
The excess of energy follows a K= 8 at the moment.
We reached a K 400, but we got explosions.
I can get risks when I amk alone, but to sell a reliable product I
have to go down to 8, right now.
We are manufacturing a 1 MW plant made with 125 modules.
With 1 g of Ni I got 750 kW.

Again thank you for your attention.

============================================================
FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv
Meets Fridays 9a-11:30 at cafe at St. John's College
lectures, archives, unsubscribe, maps at http://www.friam.org